Fall 1999
POL 1065
Government and Medicine
Anderson 230 MWF 10:10 - 11:00
Dr. Lawrence Jacobs
1480 Social Sciences
625-3384
ljacobs@polisci.umn.edu
Office Hours: M -11:15 - 12:00 and by appt.

Why does the United States stand out as the only industrialized nation that lacks national health insurance? Should the government regulate Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)? Or, is government regulation an unwanted interference in the practice of medicine? Should these issues be left to experts in medicine and health policy to resolve or should they be influenced by the diverse interests and values of citizens?

Government and Medicine explores these critical questions as part of a lively introduction to American government. We will discuss the Constitution, elections, Congress, and the Presidency. Reading materials are drawn from democratic theory, analysis of political behavior and institutions, and debates over medicine and health care policy.

You should feel free to give me a call and stop by. I welcome visits.

The course combines lectures with a variety of formats for student participation. Most lectures are interspersed with group problem solving and other opportunities for class discussion.

The course will also simulate a congressional hearing on Medicare legislation. The simulation will put you in the position of a policy maker either as a member of Congress or a congressional witness representing an interest group. A separate syllabus will be distributed on the simulation.

Here are the course's requirements and the number of points associated with each:

    2 exams and 2 quizzes: (60 points)
    2 papers: (25 points)
    participation: (15 points)

Two exams will be given in class (25 points each); they are scheduled for October 15 and December 3. In addition, 2 quizzes (5 points each) will be based on the simulation materials and will be given on October 1 and October 20. The two papers will be 3-5 pages and will be based on the simulations; they are due on November 10 and December 17. (Assignments will be passed out in class. All exams and quizzes are held during the regularly scheduled class time.)

There will be no incomplete grades or makeup examinations or quizzes given except for standard University policy reasons (for example, illness). You should carefully mark the dates of the exams, quizzes, and papers on your personal calendar.

Class participation is a critical part of the course. Your participation in the class activities will constitute 15% of your grade and will be based on your attendance, preparation for class, and quality of your participation. To help me evaluate your participation, you need to compile an itemized and (whenever possible) documented "activity log." Much of your activity log will focus on the simulation, but you should keep careful track of your activities during the lectures as well. Your activity log should be assembled using a two pocket folder: the left pocket should contain a diary with entries corresponding to the specific dates of your activities either in class (e.g. presentation) or simulations (e.g. speech on the floor of the House of Representatives, negotiations with interest groups, and questions of congressional witnesses); the right pocket should contain written evidence of your activities (e.g. email exchanges with other students, written questions posed during the simulations a written copy of speech delivered in Congressional simulation, etc). Think of yourself as a lawyer who is providing documentation to a client. (Failure to track your activities in an itemized and documented manner will be reflected in your participation grade).

One book is required for the course: Carol Weissert and William Weissert, Governing Health Care: The Politics of Health Policy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996). The textbook is supplemented by assigned readings, which are available as a packet in Copies on Campus. All readings are available the basement of Wilson Library in the Reserve Reading section. (Please call or email me immediately about problems obtaining the readings.)

Course Outline

This outline of the course is subject to change during the semester; you are responsible for modifications that are announced in class.

I. MEDICINE IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

A. THE DANGER OF TWO CULTURES (Sept. 10-13)

C.P. Snow. "The Two Cultures" (pp.1-21) and "The Two Cultures: A Second Look" (pp.60-61, 98-99). The Two Cultures and A Second Look (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1964).
Jerome Kassirer. "Should Medical Journals Try to Influence Political Debates?" New England Journal of Medicine (2/11/99), p.466.

HEALTH CARE CONDITIONS: ACCESS, COST, AND ORGANIZATION: Robert Kuttner. "The American Health Care System: Health Insurance Coverage." New England Journal of Medicine (1/14/99), pp.163-168.

John Iglehart. "The American Health Care System: Expenditures." New England Journal of Medicine (1/7/99), pp.70-76.

Thomas Bodenheimer. "The American Health Care System: Physicians and the Changing Medical Marketplace." New England Journal of Medicine (2/18/99), pp.584-588,

Eli Ginzberg. "The Uncertain Future of Managed Care." New England Journal of Medicine (1/14/99), pp.144-146.


B. COMPETING CONCEPTIONS OF DEMOCRACY: TECHNOCRACY VS. DEMOCRACY (Sept. 15-17)
Joseph Schumpeter. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, 2nd Ed. (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1947), pp.250-296 (skim 274-283).

Alan Blinder, "Is Government Too Political." Foreign Affairs. 76 (November/December 1997): 115-126.

Robert Dahl. Democracy and Its Critics (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), pp.52, 65-79, 83-84, 106-115, 119-131, and 213-222.

POINT/COUNTERPOINT:
Donna Shalala. "A Patients' Bill of Rights." Journal of the American Medical Association (3/3/99), p.857.

Charles Kahn III. "Patients' Rights Proposal." Journal of the American Medical Association (3/3/99), p.858.

"An Exit Interview with Bruce Vladeck," by Emily Friedman, Journal of the American Medical Association (2/24/99), pp.757-761.


C. HEALTH CARE POLICIES (Sept. 20-22)

James Q. Wilson. American Government: Institutions and Policies (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Co, 199?), pp.428-443.

Susan Foote. Managing the Medical Arms Race: Public Policy and Medical Device Innovation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), pp. 55-65, 84-112, 113-14, 120-123, 159-178.

Bruce Vladeck, "The Political Economy of Medicare." Health Affairs. 18 (1999): 22-41.


II. AN INVITATION TO CONFLICT: THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION (Sept. 24- Oct.6)

Declaration of Independence

Constitution of the United States

Daniel Rogers, "Rights Consciousness in American History," in The Bill of Rights in Modern America After 200 Years ed. by David Bodenhamer and James Ely (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993), pp 3-17.

Federalist Papers 10 & 51


III. THE COMPETING STRAINS OF AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION (Oct.8-13)

Benjamin Page and Robert Shapiro. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in American Policy Preferences (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), pp.117-131, 141-149, 155-166, and 169-171.

Lawrence Jacobs and Robert Shapiro. "The American Public's Pragmatic Liberalism Meets Its Philosophical Conservativism." Journal of Health Policy, Politics and Law vol.24, no.5 (1999), pp.5-16.

Karen Donelan, Robert Blendon, Cathy Schoen, Karen Davis, and Katherine Binns. "The Cost of Healthy System Change: Public Discontent in Five Nations." Health Affairs vol.18, no.3 (May/June 1999), pp.206-216.


IV. THE TOOLS OF POLITICS: POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS, ELECTIONS, AND INTEREST GROUPS (Oct 20-29)

E.E. Schattschneider. The Semisovereign People, (Hindsdale, IL: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1960), pp.29-42.

Mancur Olson. The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 17-35.

Weissert and Weissert, Governing Health Care, pp.97-143.

Haynes Johnson and David Broder. The System: The American Way of Politics at the Breaking Point (Boston: Little, Brown, 1996), pp.xv-xvii, 3-13, and 194-224).

James Fuller. "Making Grassroots and Political Activism a Part of Medical Practice." Journal of the American Medical Association (6/3/98), p.1696b.

Thomas Jefferson. "Care Gap "Unconscionable": Universal Coverage AAP Aim." Journal of the American Medical Association (6/9/99), pp.2076-2077.


V. THE NATIONAL GOVERNING PROCESS

A. CONGRESSIONAL GOVERNMENT (Nov.1-8)

Weissert and Weissert, Governing Health Care, pp.13-62.

Johnson and Broder, The System, pp.345-395.

David Blumenthal. "Health Care Reform at the Close of the 20th Century." New England Journal of Medicine (6/17/99), pp.1916-1920.


B. COZY ALLIANCES: BUREAUCRACY, CONGRESS, AND INTEREST GROUPS (Nov.12-15)

Morris Fiorina. Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989, Second Edition), pp. 37-47 and 53-66.

Weissert and Weissert, Governing Health Care, PP.144-181.

Lynn Etheredge. "The Medicare Reforms of 1997: Headlines You Didn't Read." Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law vol.23, no.3 (June 1998): 573-79.


C. THE CONSTRAINED PRESIDENCY (Nov. 17-Dec. 1)

Richard Neustadt. Presidential Power (New York: John Wiley and Sons), pp. 26-35.

Weissert and Weissert, Governing in Health Care, pp.63-96.

Alexis Simendinger. "The Paper Wars." National Journal (7/25/98), pp.1732-1739.

Arthur Schlesinger, "So Much for the Imperial Presidency," New York Times, 8/3/98 (1 page).


SUMMER 2001

SPRING 2001

FALL 2000

SUMMER 2000

SPRING 2000

FALL 1999

SUMMER 1999

SPRING 1999

WINTER 1999

FALL 1998

SUMMER 1998

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