Professor Richard Price

Social Sciences 1478

Office Hours: Monday 1:30-2:30 / Friday 11:00 - 12:00

rprice@polisci.umn.edu

625-3325

Course Web Site: http://www.polisci.umn.edu/courses/spring2000/8407/index.html

This seminar explores a variety of approaches to the question of morality in global politics. The material focuses on different theoretical approaches to normative theorizing as they relate to issues such as war, intervention, violence, technology, and immigration. This is a discussion seminar, and students will provide an analytical introduction to the weekly readings as a basis for the discussion.

Requirements:

Seminar Participation: 30%

Student Presentations: 20%

Final Exam or Research Paper: 50%

Readings

Copies of the readings will be placed in the department lounge on the 12th floor. Please do not mark or remove these readings from the area. The following books are available for purchase at the bookstore:

Charles Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999).

Chris Brown, International Relations Theory: New Normative Approaches (Columbia University Press, 1992)

Mervyn Frost, Ethics in International Relations: A Constitutive Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1986).

Andrew Linklater, The Transformation of Political Community: Ethical Foundations of the

Post-Westphalian Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998).

Elaine Scary, The Body in Pain (Oxford University Press, 1985).

Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1992).

Steven Lee, Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons (Cambridge University Press, 1996).

David Campbell and Michael J. Shapiro, eds., Moral Spaces: Rethinking Ethics and World Politics (University of Minnesota Press, 1999).

I Introduction

Required:

Chris Brown, International Relations Theory: New Normative Approaches (Columbia University Press, 1992).

Recommended:

Steve Smith, "Paradigm Dominance in International Relations: The Development of International Relations as a Social Science," Millennium 16:2 (1989), pp.189-206.

Steve Smith, "The Forty Years' Detour: The Resurgence of Normative Theory in International Relations," Millennium 21:3 (Winter 1992), pp.489-506.

Marshall Cohen, "Moral Skepticism and International Relations," pp.3-50 in Beitz et.al., International Ethics.

Terry Nardin, "Introduction," chapter I in Traditions of International Ethics.

II Realism and Idealism: The Conventional Opposition

Required:

Hans Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations Chapters 1, 7, 15 & 16.

Nicollo Machiavelli, The Prince, especially Chapters 3, 6-8, 15-18.

Isaiah Berlin, "On the Originality of Machiavelli," pp.25-79 in Against the Current (Oxford University Press, 1981).

Chapters by Steven Forde and Jack Donnelly in Nardin and Mapel (eds.) Traditions of International Ethics.

Recommended:

Hans Morgenthau, In Defense of the National Interest (1951).

George Kennan, American Diplomacy, 1900-1950 (1951).

George Kennan, "Morality and Foreign Policy," Foreign Affairs 64 (1985/86), pp.205-218.

E.H. Carr, The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939 (1940).

Robert Osgood, Ideals and Self-Interest in America's Foreign Relations (1953).

Reinhold Niebuhr, Moral Man and Immoral Society (1932).

III Contractualism, Rights, and Consequentialism

Required:

Charles Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979).

Peter Singer, "Famine, Affluence and Morality," pp.247-261 in Beitz, et.al., International Ethics.

Recommended:

Thomas Donaldson, "Kant's Global Rationalism," pp.136-157 in Nardin and Mapel (eds.), Traditions of Ethics in International Relations

David Mapel, "The Contractarian Tradition and International Ethics," pp.180-200 in Nardin and Mapel (eds.), Traditions of International Ethics.

Onora O'neill, "Lifeboat Earth," pp.262-281 in Beitz, et. al., International Ethics.

Henry Shue, Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979).

Anthony Ellis, "Utilitarianism and International Ethics," pp.158-179 in Nardin and Mapel (eds.), Traditions of Ethics in International Relations.

J.J.C. Smart and Bernard Williams (eds.), Utilitarianism: For and Against.

R.M. Hare, Moral Thinking.

Thomas Nagel, Equality and Partiality.

IV) Communitarianism

Required:

Mervyn Frost, Ethics in International Relations: A Constitutive Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1986).

V) Critical Theory

Required:

Andrew Linklater, The Transformation of Political Community: Ethical Foundations of the

Post-Westphalian Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998).

VI) Post-Modernism and Morality

Required:

David Campbell and Michael J. Shapiro, eds., Moral Spaces: Rethinking Ethics and World Politics (University of Minnesota Press, 1999), Introduction and Chapters 2, 4, 5 & 6.

David Campbell and Michael Dillon (eds.) The Political Subject of Violence (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), Postface.

Recommended:

David Campbell, "The Deterritorialization of Responsibility: Levinas, Derrida, and Ethics After the End of Philosophy," Alternatives 19:4 (Fall 1994), pp.455-484.

Jim George, "Realist `Ethics', International Relations, and Post-modernism: Thinking Beyond the Egoism-Anarchy Thematic," Millennium 24:2 (Summer 1995), pp.195-223.

Michel Foucault, "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History,"pp.76-100 in Paul Rabinow (ed.), The Foucault Reader (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984).

Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals (Vintage Books, 1989). Preface, I:13-14; II:1-4, 7, 10-14; III:12 & 23.

Frithjof Bergmann, "Nietzsche and Analytic Ethics," pp.76-94 in Richard Schacht, ed. Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality (University of California Press, 1994).

Maudemarie Clark, "Nietzsche's Immoralism and the Concept of Morality," in Schacht, ed., Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality, pp.15-34.

Philippa Foot, "Nietzsche's Immoralism," in Schacht, ed. Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality, pp.3-14.

Roger Spegele, "Political Realism and the Remembrance of Relativism," Review of International Studies 21:3 (July 1995), pp.211-236.

VII War and Morality

Required:

Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, pp.3-175.

Recommended:

James Turner Johnson, Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

James Turner Johnson and John Kelsay, eds., Cross, Crescent, and Sword: The Justification and Limitation of War in Western and Islamic Tradition (New York: Greenwood, 1990).

Douglas Lackey, The Ethics of War and Peace (Prentice-Hall, 1989).

VIII) Intervention

Required:

Michael Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States: A Response to Four Critics," pp. 217-237 in Beitz, et.al. International Ethics.

David Luban, "Just War and Human Rights," & "The Romance of the Nation-State," pp. 195-216 & 238-243 in Beitz et.al., International Ethics.

David Cortright and George Lopez, "Are Sanctions Just? The Problematic Case of Iraq," Journal of International Affairs, 52:2 (Spring 1999), pp.735-755.

Recommended:

Mark Hoffman, "Agency, Identity, and Intervention," pp.194-211 in Ian Forbes and Mark Hoffman (eds.), Political Theory, International Relations, and the Ethics of Intervention (New York: St. Martin's, 1993).

Ian Forbes, "Beyond the State," pp.212-229 in Forbes and Hoffman (eds.), Ethics of Intervention.

J. Slater and Terry Nardin, "Nonintervention and Human Rights," Journal of Politics 48 (1986).

R.J. Vincent, Nonintervention and International Order (Princeton, 1974).

Hedley Bull (ed.), Intervention in World Politics (Oxford, 1984).

Fernando Tesón, Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry into Law and Morality (Dobbs Ferry, New York: Transnational Publishers, 1988).

Laura Reed and Carl Kaysen (eds.), Emerging Norms of Justified Intervention (Cambridge, Mass.: Committee on International Security Studies, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993).

IX) Violence and Morality: Critical Approaches

Required:

Elaine Scary, The Body in Pain (1985), pp.3-157.

Chris af Jochnick and Roger Normand, "The Legitimation of Violence: A Critical History of the Laws of War," Harvard International Law Journal 35:1 (Winter 1994), pp.49-95.

Michael Dillon, "Criminalising Social and Political Violence Internationally," Millennium 27:3 (1998), pp.543-567.

Recommended:

Jean Elshtain, "Critical Reflections on Realism, Just Wars, and Feminism in a Nuclear Age," pp.255-272 in Avner Cohen and Steven Lee, Nuclear Weapons and the Future of Humanity.

Lucinda Peach, "An Alternative to Pacifism? Feminism and Just-War Theory," Hypatia 9:2 (Spring 1994), pp.152-172.

X Nuclear Weapons: A Revolution Unfulfilled?

Required:

Steven Lee, Morality, Prudence and Nuclear Weapons (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).

Jonathan Schell, "The Unfinished Twentieth Century: What We Have Forgotten About Nuclear Weapons," Harper's Magazine, January 2000, pp.41-56.

Recommended:

Gary Stahl, "Remembering the Future," pp.105-114 in Avner Cohen and Stephen Lee (eds.), Nuclear Weapons and the Future of Humanity.

Berel Lang, "Genocide and Omnicide: Technology at the Limits," pp.115-130 in Cohen and Lee (eds.), Nuclear Weapons and the Future of Humanity (Rowman and Allanheld, 1986).

John Finnis, Joseph Boyle, and Germain Grisez, Nuclear Deterrence, Morality and Realism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988, pp.77-319, especially pp.177-272.

Charles Kegley and Kenneth Schwab (eds.), After the Cold War: Questioning the Morality of Nuclear Deterrence (Westview Press, 1991), Chapter 1.

Essays by Lackey (2) and Kavka, pp.109-162 in Beitz, et.al., International Ethics.

Kenneth Kipnis and Diana Myers, Political Realism and International Morality (Boulder: Westview Press, 1987).

Jonathan Schell, The Fate of the Earth.

Henry Shue (ed.), Nuclear Deterrence and Moral Restraint (Cambridge University Press, 1989).

Special issue of Ethics 95:3 (April 1985).

XI Empirical Analyses of Moral Norms

Required:

Richard Price, The Chemical Weapons Taboo (Cornell University Press, 1997).

Recommended:

Martha Finnemore, National Interests in International Society (Cornell University Press, 1996), Chapters 1, 3 & 5.

Mervyn Frost, "A Turn Not Taken: Ethics in IR at the Millennium," Review of International Studies, (1998), pp.119-132.

Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Across Borders (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).

Audie Klotz, Norms in International Relations: The Struggle Against Apartheid (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995).

David Lumsdaine, Moral Vision in International Politics (Princeton University Press), Chapters 1-2.

Robert McElroy, Morality and American Foreign Policy (Princeton University Press, 1992), Chapters 1, 2 & 7.

Ethan Nadelman, "Global Prohibition Regimes: The Evolution of Norms in International Society," International Organization 40:4 (Autumn 1990).

Richard Price, "A Genealogy of the Chemical Weapons Taboo," International Organization 49:1 (Winter 1995), pp.73-103.

Richard Price, "Reversing the Gunsights: Transnational Civil Society Targets Landmines," International Organization 52:3 (Summer 1998), pp.

James Lee Ray, "The Abolition of Slavery and the End of International War," International Organization 43 (Summer 1989), pp.405-439.

Christian Reus-Smit, The Moral Purpose of the State (Princeton University Press, 1999).

David Welch, Justice and the Genesis of War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).

XII Technology and Morality

Required:

Hans Jonas, "Technology and Responsibility: Reflections on the New Task of Ethics," Social Research 40:1 (spring, 1973), pp.31-54.

Langdon Winner, Autonomous Technology (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977): Chapters 1,2 & 7.

George Grant, "Thinking About Technology," pp.11-34 in Grant, Technology and Justice (Toronto: Anansi, 1986).

Web links to articles on controversies over:

1) The proposed elimination of the smallpox virus and several responses.

2) The Fear of Genetically Modified Foods and the Biosafety Protocol.

Recommended:

W. Bijker, T. Hughes, and Trevor Pinch, The Social Construction of Technological Systems (Cambridge, Ma.: MIT Press, 1989).

Tom Darby, "Reflections on Technology: An Excursus as Introduction," pp.1-21 in Tom Darby, Sojourns in the New World (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1986).

Paul Durbin (ed.), Technology and Responsibility (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1987).

Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society.

Martin Heidegger, "The Question Concerning Technology," pp.3-35 in Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology, trans. Wiliam Lovitt (Harper & Row, 1977).

Sheila Jasanoff, "Science and Norms in Global Environmental Regimes," pp.173-197 in Henry Shue and Judith Reppy (eds.), Earthly Goods (Cornell University Press, 1996).

XIII Case Study: Kosovo

Required:

Edward Said, "The Treason of the Intellectuals,"Al-Ahram Weekly, 24 - 30 June 1999, No. 435 [Click on "Kosovo" under the Struggles and Crises heading of the Znet homepage, then click on title of article].

Stephen R. Shalom, "A Just War?" [Click on "Kosovo" under Struggles and Crises heading of the Znet homepage, then click on title of article].

Peter Christoff and Chris Reus-Smit, "Kosova and the Left," Arena No.43 (October/November 1999), pp.25-29.

XIII Case Study: The Gulf War

Required:

Jeff McMahan and Robert McKim, "The Just War and the Gulf War," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 23:4 (December 1993), pp.501-541.

Adam Roberts, "The Laws of War in the 1990-91 Gulf Conflict," International Security 18:3 (Winter 1993/94), pp.134-181.

Roger Normand and Chris af Jochnick, "The Legitimation of Violence: A Critical Analysis of the Gulf War," Harvard International Law Journal 35:2 (Spring 1994), pp.387-416.

David Campbell, Politics Without Principle (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1993).

Ward Thomas, Unpublished MS

Recommended:

David Decosse (ed.), But Was it Just? (New York: Doubleday, 1992).

James Turner Johnson and George Weigel (eds.), Just War and the Gulf War (Washington: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991).

Middle East Watch Report, Needless Deaths in the Gulf War.

Kenneth Vaux, Ethics and the Gulf War (Westview Press, 1992).

XIV Immigration and Borders

Required:

Joseph Carens, "Aliens and Citizens: The Case for Open Borders," pp.229-253 in Ronald Beiner (ed.), Theorizing Citizenship (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995).

Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994).

Recommended:

Martha Nussbaum with Respondents, For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism (Boston: Beacon Press, 1996).

Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996).

Emanuel Adler and Beverly Crawford (eds.), Progress in Postwar International Relations (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991).

Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man.

Terry Nardin, "The Problem of Relativism in International Ethics," Millennium 18:2 (Summer 1989), pp.149-161.

William P. Kreml and Charles W. Kegley, "Must the Quest Be Elusive? Restoring Ethics to Theory Building in International Relations," Alternatives XV:2 (Spring 1990), 155-175.

Chris Brown, "The Modern Requirement? Reflections on Normative International Theory in a Post-Western World," Millennium 17:2 (1988), pp.339-48.

Chris Brown, "Hegel and International Ethics," Ethics and International Affairs 5 (1991).

Klaus-Gerd Giesen, L'éthique de relations internationales. Les théories Angol-Américaines contemporaines (Brussels: Etablissements Emile Bruylant, 1992).

Dorothy V. Jones, Code of Peace: Ethics and Security in the World of the Warlord States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Andrew Linklater, Men and Citizens in the Theory of International Relations. London: Macmillan Press, 1990.

Mary Maxwell, Morality Among Nations: An Evolutionary View (Albany: SUNY Press, 1990).

Rachel McCleary (ed.), Seeking Justice: Ethics and International Affairs (Westview Press, 1992).

Terry Nardin, Law and Morality and the Relations of States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983).

Daniel Warner, An Ethic of Responsibility in International Relations (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1991).